Scientific evidence for the updated guidelines on indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery (IFSO/ASMBS)

Maurizio De Luca, M.D., Scott Shikora, M.D., Dan Eisenberg, M.D., Luigi Angrisani, M.D., Chetan Parmar, M.S., D.N.B., F.R.C.S., Aayed Alqahtani, M.D., F.R.C.S.C., F.A.C.S., Ali Aminian, M.D., Edo Aarts, Wendy A. Brown, Ph.D., M.B.B.S., F.R.A.C.S., F.A.C.S., Ricardo V. Cohen, M.D., Ph.D., Nicola Di Lorenzo, M.D., Silvia L. Faria, Ph.D., Kasey P. S. Goodpaster, Ph.D., Ashraf Haddad, M.D., Miguel F. Herrera, M.D., Ph.D., Raul Rosenthal, M.D., Jacques Himpens, M.D., Angelo Iossa, M.D., Mohammad Kermansaravi, M.D.,
Lilian Kow, B.M.B.S., Ph.D., Marina Kurian, M.D., Sonja Chiappetta, M.D., Ph.D., Teresa LaMasters, M.D., Kamal Mahawar, M.B.B.S., M.Sc., Giovanni Merola, M.D., Abdelrahman Nimeri, M.D., M.B.B.Ch., Mary O’Kane, M.Sc., R.D., Pavlos K. Papasavas, M.D., Giacomo Piatto, M.D., Jaime Ponce, M.D., Gerhard Prager, M.D., Janey S. A. Pratt, M.D., Ann M. Rogers, M.D., Paulina Salminen, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.S., Kimberley E. Steele, M.D., Ph.D., Michel Suter, M.D., Salvatore Tolone, M.D., Ph.D., Antonio Vitiello, M.D., Ph.D., Marco Zappa, M.D., Shanu N. Kothari, M.D.

The 2022 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) updated the indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), replacing the previous guidelines established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) over 30 years ago. The evidence supporting these updated guidelines has been strengthened to assist metabolic and bariatric surgeons, nutritionists, and other members of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs), as well as patients. This study aims to assess the level of evidence and the strength of recommendations compared to the previously published criteria. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2024;20:991–1025.) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature on behalf of the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity
and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).